Thursday, September 4, 2008

Business process outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) contains the transmission of processes along with the associated operational activities and responsibilities, to a third party with at least a guaranteed equal service level and where the client contains a firm grip over the (activities of the) vendor for mutual long term success. BPO is positively related to the search for more efficient organizational designs: cost reduction, productivity growth and innovative capabilities. Hence, a source for strategic advantage.
Traditionally, BPO is undertaken by manufacturing firms. For instance Coca Cola, where almost the entire supply chain is outsourced and the company is essentially becoming a marketing organization. However, BPO is nowadays rapidly conquering the service oriented firms as well. A well-known example is provided by the Bank of America, who outsourced their entire HR function to Exult, one of the leading Human Resources BPO vendors.
BPO is often divided into two categories: back office outsourcing, which includes internal business functions such as billing or purchasing, and front office outsourcing, which includes customer-related services such as marketing or tech support. The endless opportunities IT provides, stimulates (cross-border) BPO activities. BPO that is contracted outside a company's own country is sometimes called offshore outsourcing. BPO that is contracted to a company's neighboring country is sometimes called nearshore outsourcing.
Use of a BPO as opposed to an application service provider (ASP) usually also means that a certain amount of risk is transferred to the company that is running the process elements on behalf of the outsourcer. BPO includes the software, the process management, and the people to operate the service, while a typical ASP model includes only the provision of access to functionalities and features provided or 'served up' through the use of software, usually via web browser to the customer. BPO is a part of the outsourcing industry. It is dependent on information technology, hence it is also referred to as information technology enabled services or ITES. Knowledge process outsourcing and legal process outsourcing are some of the subsets of business process outsourcing.
Offshore outsourcing
Offshore outsourcing is the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some business functions in a country other than the one where the products or services are actually developed or manufactured. It can be contrasted with offshoring, in which the functions are performed in a foreign country by a foreign subsidiary. Opponents point out that the practice of sending work overseas by countries with higher wages reduces their own domestic employment and domestic investment. Many customer service jobs as well as jobs in the infotech sectors (data entry, computer programming, and customer support) in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom - have been or are potentially affected.
Nearshoring
Nearshoring means sourcing service activities to a foreign, lower-wage country that is relatively close in distance or time zone (or both). The customer expects to benefit from one or more of the following constructs of proximity: geographic, temporal, cultural, linguistic, economic, political, or historical linkages.
Similar terms include nearsourcing and nearshore outsourcing. The service work that is being sourced may be a business process or software development. As with offshore, the term "nearshore" was originally used in the context of fishing and other ocean-based activities and later adapted by the business world.

Western Union Payment Method for AdSense

Google Adsense offering a new payment method for some countries. Publishers who located in Argentina, Chile, China (Mainland), Colombia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, or Romania, may change the payment method to Western Union Quick Cash. Western Union is a new form of payment that lets publisher receive the AdSense payments in cash using the worldwide Western Union money transfer service. According to Google AdSense normal payment schedule, payments for publishers will be available for pickup at the local Western Union agent the day after they are issued.

AdSense payments with Western Union is totally free. With this new payment method, publishers will no longer need to wait for a check to arrive in the postal mail. This new payment method can also cut down on bank fees and long clearing times associated with depositing checks.
However, I wonder why Google didn’t make this payment method for worldwide. If they really care about their publisher, they should make it available worldwide.

To exchange the payment method, publisher should keep these important points in mind:

  • Western Union Quick Cash is only available in Argentina, Chile, China (Mainland), Colombia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, and Romania as mentioned above.
  • Unfortunately, Google doesn’t support this payment method for business account. This new payment method is currently only available to individual payee names.
  • To pick up the payment, publisher will need to bring the government-issued ID that will be used to validate the payee name in adsense with the ID.
  • The payments must be picked up within 35 days of issuance or they will expire. If this case happened, a payment hold will be placed on AdSense account and the payment will be credited back to publisher’s account.
  • All payments will be made in US dollars, but they may be picked up in your local currency, depending on local Western Union agent that being used by publishers

    So, to begin receiving AdSense payments by Western Union Quick Cash, publishers just follow these instructions. What are you వెయిటింగ్

  • Tips For Maximum Adsense Content Relevancy

    One of the most essential aspects of getting the most out of your involvement with Google’s Adsense program is to be certain that Google serves up the most relevant ads possible on your site. The concept is easy to grasp--visitors travel to your sites in search of certain content on their topic of interest. If they see advertisements directly related to those content desires, they are far more likely to click on the ads than if they encounter only tangentially related material or, in a worst case scenario, ads that are not even related to their interests. As such, it is in your best interests to make sure your site displays relevant ads. Here are few tips for improving your content relevancy to produce more accurately targeted contextual advertising from Adsense.

    FIRST THINGS FIRST. Before you even begin to use Adsense as a monetization tool, make sure there are relevant ads for your site or pages. In most cases, you will have determined this long before you even embarked on site design or content development. However, if you are thinking of adding Adsense to an existing site built with other monetization strategies originally in mind, you may not have bothered checking to see if other advertisers were going after that particular market. Be sure you are addressing a topic for which ads exist in sufficient quantity. If related advertising is sparse, it will difficult to avoid irrelevant ads.

    KEYWORDS MATTER. You do not want content that is overstuffed with particular keywords to point of destroying readability and value, but you do want to make sure your materials make liberal use of on-topic keywords likely to spawn the most relevant possible ads. Experts maintain that using keywords with your titles and H1 tags is an excellent way to assist in getting the most relevant possible ads. This has added advantages in terms of search engine optimization, as well.

    METATAGS. Once upon a time, metatags were a critical aspect of search engine optimization in general. Although the engines rely upon metatags far less than they once did, there is some evidence to suggest that using ad-triggering keywords in your pages’ meta-tags may increase the relevance of the advertisements displayed. This strategy may help, and it certainly cannot hurt.

    LOOK FOR LACKLUSTER CONTENT. Many sites to a great job of supplying content related to particular themes or keywords in the main portion of a page, but have sidebars, headers and footers filled with less targeted terms and material. Take a long look at your navigational elements and other “side of the page�� text and remove keyword terminology that may be leading to irrelevant ad service. Alternatively, you can use Adsense’s section targeting tool to remove those areas from Adsense’s consideration completely, so long as you do not plan to display ad blocks or ad link units in those areas.

    TIGHT THEMING. You want to keep content tightly themed. That means you do not want to feature long, rambling articles that cover multiple topics. Instead, rely upon materials that address singular issues. You also do not want to feature multiple chunks of content on disparate matters on the same page for that very same reason. The value of tight theming may extend past individual pages. Many publishers argue that Adsense tends to reward tightly-themed overall sites with more relevant ads, as well. Even though this aspect of theming is not as well researched and proven, it makes sense to follow the practice, because of the search engine optimization advantages of having a focused site.

    BLOCK THE BAD ADS. Monitor your site regularly and take note when irrelevant ads appear. Then, take the time to add them to your blacklist for the site. Google does give you the ability to block individual ads via the Competitive Ad Filter. If you block out commonly served irrelevant ads, you may improve your chances of featuring more ads upon which your visitors will actually click.

  • 7 Powerful Ways To Make Money From Adsense Using Only Free Tools

    There is really no doubting that there are amazing incomes currently being made on Google Adsense and the really interesting thing is that even relatively small sites and blogs are finding new ways to make money from their Adsense sites every day.

    Actually there are a lot of increasingly creative ways to make money and maximize on Adsense earnings that are being discovered and also being put to use every day. And what’s even more fascinating is the fact that most of these tools being used don’t cost anything. They are actually free. Here are 7 of the most effective currently being used.

    a) Ways to make money from Adsense by Distributing articles through ezine and article announcement lists

    Some of the most effective methods ways to make money from Adsense clicks involve the simple step of just increasing the volume of targeted traffic to a site. One of the ways of doing this is by distributing interesting content to ezine lists and article announcement lists. It is not too difficult to quickly build a list that reaches a million or so email boxes and can thus give a lot of visibility and drive tons of highly targetd traffic to your Adsense site or sites. Probably the most popular place for doing this is at Yahoo groups, but there are a few others that you can find easily by using your favorite search engine.

    Success here depends on three main factors. Firstly you should be careful to join article announcement lists and ezine lists that are as relevant as possible to your subject matter and offering. Secondly your headline has to be a killer headline that will grab readers by the scruffs of their necks and force them to open your email message amongst the dozens or even hundreds of others they receive daily. It goes without saying that the content must meet the promise of your sensational headline. Anything less will cause annoyance and leave all those potential visitors to your Adsense site feeling cheated. And believe me, you don’t want to cause this sort of reaction because it is definitely not one of the ways o make money from Adsense or any other program for that matter. Thirdly, you will need the sort of resource box in all your articles that will leave most of your readers with no option but to visit your Adsense site.

    Within a very short of consistently applying this technique, my daily Adsense earnings increased seven-fold.

    b) Ways to make money from Adsense by Distributing free articles to high traffic article sites Some people find the recent trends that have seen an increase in article sites surprising. I don’t. The net is primarily an information-seeking tool. Anything that will help improve the search and quality of information will greatly benefit the people making that effort.

    Some of the older article directories receive very high traffic, mainly from web masters and site owners seeking quality free content for their sites. So apart from the immediate exposure these sites also guarantee plenty of future targeted traffic to your site, when folks find your articles useful enough to re-post at their sites.

    The more new articles you release to these sites every week, the more targeted traffic your Adsense sites will receive. This is in fact one of the most effective ways of making money consistently from Adsense clicks. One of the reasons for this is that targeted traffic will tend to spend more time at your site or sites, and the more time they spend, the higher the chances that they will click one one of the Adsense ads posted there.

    c) Ways to make money from Adsense by Using Articles And A Viral Marketing Website

    Any online marketing technique that involves the use of referral marketing or viral marketing automatically has a huge chance of being a success. The net is ideal for viral marketing and in fact gives any viral marketer huge leverage. Viral marketing or referral marketing is one of the most effective ways to make money online. Just ask Bill Gates.

    When Gates was trying to play catch up on the Internet after an earlier mistake of underestimating the future importance of the net, he launched his Hotmail free email service when rivals like Yahoo already had millions of users. He decided to use a simple referral marketing technique. Every Hotmail message that went out had a brief signature at the end requesting the recipient to sign up for their free Hotmail account. Within a few short months, Hotmail had millions of users. And there are many other amazing stories which viral marketing boasts of on the net.

    There is one of the very simple ways to make money from Adsense by going viral. Sign up at a leading viral marketing site. You will automatically get your own viral site. You can then use some of your articles to point people to your viral site. The way these sites work is that anybody who signs up at your site will have to visit your Adsense site if you register it at the site. So within a very short time you will be driving thousands of visitors to your Adsense site.

    Find more details on this at my blog whose address you’ll find in the resource box below.

    Admittedly this traffic is less targeted. Still the huge potential and possible numbers you are able to receive using this free tool more than makes up for this.

    d) Ways to make money from Adsense With Your Email signature

    People greatly underestimate the power and potential effectiveness of a simple email signature as one of the ways to make money online. Actually this is a viral marketing method because emails get forwarded all the time and are even copied to several other people sometimes.

    Do not waste another minute. Go to all your email accounts right now and create a signature that points to your Adsense site or sites.

    Writing effective email signatures is a skill that you will have to develop, but I have found that using famous quotes is more effective than a straight advertising message. Always remember that people hate to be advertised to online.

    e) Ways to make money from Adsense By Asking Questions At Discussion groups

    I recently had an interesting conversation with a young Internet and computer techie. He asked me whether there were quick ways to make money online by answering technical questions and helping people to solve their computer and web-related problems. My answer was that there were many discussion groups where participants would get these answers for free. I advised him that he had a better chance of making money by making use of this free advice available online rather than by trying to sell his own advice.

    There are tons of online discussion groups where leading world experts will answer your questions and give you valuable insight for free. It is amazing why most people do not think of using these online forums to learn as much as they can about the most effective ways of making money from Adsense.

    These forums can easily be found through you favorite search engine.

    f) Ways to make money from Adsense By Bartering your online skills for valuable Adsense keywords

    In the old days, before the invention of money, if somebody needed something, the first question they asked themselves was; “What is it that I already have that I can exchange for what I need? Barter trade seems to have been forgotten but it is a very powerful method of trading. More so online where people have plenty of skills but are slow to trust others enough to send them money for an item they need.

    You can barter whatever it is you have, your skills, products or services, and exchange them for genuine valuable Adsense keywords. Valuable Adsense keywords are the most effective way for a small site with low traffic to earn big cash from Adsense. And you can do this barter trade on an ongoing basis so that you always have a constant supply of valuable Adsense keywords which you can use at your site or blog as one of the ways to make more money from Adsense.

    g) Ways to make money from Adsense By Sending Teaser Emails

    To Everybody In Your Inbox And Also To Your Opt-in Email List Most of us receive tons of email in our inbox every day. You’ll be surprised at the huge number of people you know by simply going through your email inbox. No matter how good your spam filters are, you are also bound to be receiving more than your fare share of SPAM or unsolicited email. All this is “gold” lying in your email inbox and there are ways to make money using these emails. All you need to do to process the emails into pure gold is to send out “teaser emails about the most interesting aspects of content at your site. The whole objective of teaser emails is to get people to visit your site. For instance if I were to send out teaser email on this content here is how I would construct it;

    Subject: Free Tools Currently Being Used To Increase Adsense Earnings

    Hello,

    Just thought you might be interested in this subject, since so many folks online use Adsense these days. If not please accept my sincere apologies. Details are at my site.

    www. your site’s address .com

    Regards, Chris.

    I am sure you can write an even more effective teaser email. It would be a better idea to have a different message for your close friends, a different one for your business contacts and yet another one for those nasty guys SPAMMING you.

    These are just some of the many creative ways to make money from Adsense.


  • The AdSense Formula for Making Money

    I often get asked what the secret is to making money with Google’s AdSense program. This often comes from people who are dreaming of setting up websites chock full of high-paying keywords for particular niche subjects and then sitting back and watching the money roll in. “What’s the magic formula?” they ask me. If they’re non-technical, I point them straight to my first AdSense book, Make Easy Money with Google, and assure them that they’ll learn everything they need from it. They may think it’s hard, but it’s not.

    But what about the technical people? By this I mean the people who’ve already set up a blog or website, who have registered domain names, who are comfortable with basic Internet terminology and concepts. What is the “AdSense formula”?

    The only AdSense formula that you need to know is this:

    earnings = number of clicks * average price per click

    This is what I call the Fundamental AdSense Formula because you can derive almost every AdSense “secret” directly or indirectly from this formula. Do you want to earn more with AdSense? You have two ways of doing it:

    • Increase the number of clicks, and/or
    • Increase the average price per click

    Your earnings will only go up if you do one or the other, and ideally both. It’s an obvious formula, yes, but it’s amazing how many people lose sight of it in their quest for increased AdSense earnings.

    Increasing the Number of AdSense Clicks

    Increasing the number of times the ads on your site or blog are clicked is the most obvious strategy. There are two general strategies you can follow:

    • Increase the traffic to the site, and/or
    • Adjust the ads to make them more “clickable”

    Getting traffic is hard and takes time, so don’t look at it as a quick fix. The best way to get traffic is to provide useful, unique content and to rank highly in search engine rankings for keywords related to that content. In other words, use standard search engine optimization techniques. DO NOT “buy” traffic or use “link farms” or other dubious techniques. Other tips for getting traffic:

    1. Publish articles, even free ones, with links back to your site.
    2. Include a link to your site in the signature at the bottom of your emails or in any forum postings you make (if the forum allows it).
    3. Participate in forums/groups related to the content of your site or blog. The key is to participate, not lurk, and don’t just post messages promoting your site.
    4. Add comments (relevant ones only, please) to other blogs, you can usually link back to yours. (This won’t help your search engine rankings, but it may allow others who are reading those comments to find your own site.)
    5. Syndicate your content (trivial if you have a blog) and make sure that the content is registered with syndication aggregators.
    6. List your site in relevant directories.

    Adjusting the ads is something you can do almost immediately:

    1. Position the ads on the page in order to make them more noticeable. Google even publishes a helpful heat map for AdSense publishers.
    2. Choose the best AdSense ad format that works for your site.
    3. Change the ad colors either to make the ads blend in with your site or to make them stand out. Again, it varies depending on the site.

    Whatever you do, DO NOT ENTICE VISITORS TO CLICK THE ADS. Google is very strict about this, see the AdSense program policies for the details.

    Increasing the Average AdSense Price Per Click

    Increasing the average price per click you receive from AdSense is the other strategy for increasing your overall AdSense earnings. You can do this by:

    • Carefully targeting your content, and/or
    • Filtering out and avoiding low-paying ads

    Content targeting isn’t just about creating relevant, unique content. It’s also making sure that that content is written to target the higher-paying keywords associated with a given topic. This means:

    • Figuring out which keyword variations for that topic pay more. Often the more specialized variations and phrases pay more than the “generic” terms.
    • Ensuring that the keyword density of the content favors the higher-paying keyword variations.

    And to reduce the occurrence of lower-paying ads, consider these two strategies:

    1. Use AdSense’s competitive filter mechanism to screen out the ads that you don’t want.
    2. Show fewer ads on a page. The fewer ads you show, the more the higher-paying ads get displayed and clicked.

    Many publishers also report that their earnings increase if they remove ads completely from pages with few or no clicks. Again, the “less is more” strategy favors the higher-paying ads.

    There’s No Magic

    As you can see, there’s no magic involved to increasing your AdSense earnings. The Fundamental AdSense Formula is easy to understand, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to apply the formula. It takes time and effort to do it, just like most things.

    Copyright 2005 by Eric Giguere. Permission is granted to reproduce the article in electronic newsletters or on websites provided that the complete article text is included, unchanged, and that neither the copyright declaration nor this license are removed.



  • Adsense Secrets

    Pst! Wanna know some Adsense secrets? The only secret is that there are no secrets per se!

    Do a search for Adsense secrets and you will be bombarded by a myriad of ads by trying to sell you the answers to making lots of money with Adsense.

    Before you buy anything, my advise to you would be to do some research on a search engine and a bit of common sense. There are literally hundreds of forums where you can pick up valuable information, as well as hundreds of articles that have been written on the subject of Adsense.

    Most of the answers are out there for you to find it you will put in a little bit of work. If you buy any of the ebooks available out there, you might find one little nugget of information that you may not have seen anywhere else, but I promise you: most of the time everything is out here on the Internet - all you have to do is search for it. Here are some of the search terms that I personally have used with great results:

    increase adsense income
    increase your adsense income
    adsense experiments
    adsense adsense tricks
    adsense tips

    What I can tell you from my own experience is this:

    1. Ads at the top of the page and on the left of the page perfom better than any other ads. (Take a look at the “heatmap” from the Google link below)

    2. Ads without background colour and borders perfom better than ads within borders with background colour.

    3. Ads within content pages perform better than any other ads.

    4. A search box on every page gives you another chance for earning Adsense income.

    5. A blue link at the top of the ad, the ad in black, and the url also in black so that it blends in with the ad copy - also tends to perform well. A black url makes the link stand out and gives you a better chance of someone clicking on it.

    Google has brought out some great Adsense optimization tips. You can read it here: Google Adsense optimization tips

    Experiment with your settings and see which brings you the best results. Google’s reporting has become a lot better in the last month or so, so you should instantly be able to see which ads result in better CTR.

    To increase your site traffic, which obviously will increase your Adsense income, the best way to get traffic is to have fresh content at your site. Write your own articles and submit it to article directories like Go Articles etc. To find more article directories, just do a search for “free article directory submissions” on a search engine like Google.

    Another way would be to publish articles by other authors that are relevant to your site content. You can find free articles all over the web by once again doing a search for e.g. “free site content”.

    Do this on a regular basis and watch your traffic (and your income) increase.


  • 150 Highest Paying Adsense Keywords Revealed!

    So you want to make money with Adsense but the first thing that you need to do is select the right keywords and phases to put in the content of your pages. Knowing the right keywords to use is critical to you making lots of money because that will determine how much you get paid for every click. In this article, I will reveal to you the top 150 keywords that can generate large sums of money for you. Now you can easily make money online. The top paying keyword goes for around $75 per click, while the bottom keyword go for around $21.62 per click. Use this information to your advantage.

    Rank Keyword

    1 mesothelioma

    2 cheap auto insurance

    3 consolidate student loan

    4 life insurance quote

    5 cheap car insurance

    6 refinance home

    7 car insurance quote

    8 refinancing

    9 online car insurance

    10 online insurance quotes

    11 criminal defense lawyer

    12 debt consolidation

    13 refinance home mortgage

    14 medical malpractice lawyer Michigan

    15 bad credit home loan

    16 loan refinance

    17 tax attorney

    18 online insurance quote

    19 laptop data recovery

    20 medical malpractice Michigan

    21 car insurance rates

    22 equity home loan

    23 register domain name

    24 data recovery service

    25 life insurance rates

    26 auto insurance rates

    27 cheapest car insurance

    28 domain register

    29 dui attorney

    30 lawyer medical malpractice

    31 home loan

    32 credit card consolidation

    33 car accident lawyer

    34 free debt consolidation

    35 car insurance

    36 term life insurance

    37 second mortgage

    38 hard drive data recovery

    39 dui lawyer

    40 refinance leads

    41 raid data recovery

    42 home loans

    43 mortgage loan leads

    44 refinance

    45 mortgage internet leads

    46 domain registration

    47 credit card debt consolidation

    48 low rate mortgage

    49 mortgages

    50 fitness franchise

    51 debt consolidator

    52 california home loan

    53 medical malpractice new york

    54 credit card machines

    55 digital asset management

    56 malpractice attorney

    57 help desk software

    58 criminal defense attorney

    59 domain names

    60 mortgage loan

    61 accept credit cards

    62 mortgage broker leads

    63 best mortgage rate

    64 online credit card processing

    65 personal injury lawyer

    66 mesothelioma attorney

    67 fixed rate mortgage

    68 accident attorney

    69 conference calling

    70 sub prime mortgage leads

    71 home improvement loans

    72 domain hosting

    73 defense attorney

    74 credit card 0 apr

    75 data recovery

    76 credit card merchant account

    77 credit card acceptance

    78 injury lawyer

    79 currency trading

    80 mortgage leads

    81 merchant credit card

    82 business intelligence

    83 injury attorney

    84 network marketing software

    85 sales leads

    86 online college degree

    87 leads lists

    88 mba online degree

    89 debt counseling

    90 malpractice attorneys

    91 debt management

    92 domain web hosting

    93 crm software

    94 edi software

    95 credit card service

    96 lawyers malpractice

    97 cheap web hosting

    98 web content management tool

    99 Chicago medical malpractice

    100 ecommerce web hosting

    101 mortgage rate

    102 subprime mortgage leads

    103 mortgage rates

    104 balance transfer credit card

    105 safeco insurance

    106 annuity leads

    107 mortgage leads for sale

    108 attorneys medical malpractice

    109 debt consolidation leads

    110 stock trading online

    111 inexpensive web hosting

    112 web content management software

    113 virtual web hosting

    114 credit card processor

    115 life insurance

    116 medigap insurance

    117 web hosting reseller

    118 hosting

    119 california mortgage

    120 orlando medical malpractice

    121 online trading

    122 crm online

    123 special finance leads

    124 direct mail lists

    125 asbestos lung cancer

    126 business sales leads

    127 debt free

    128 asset management software

    129 debt solution

    130 low interest credit card

    131 card credit debt

    132 exclusive mortgage leads

    133 whole life insurance

    134 mortgage interest rate

    135 discount web hosting

    136 debt relief

    137 lawyer houston

    138 online associate degree

    139 web site content management

    140 lawyers medical malpractice

    141 credit card machine

    142 orange county search engine optimization

    143 wireless credit card

    144 adjustable rate mortgage

    145 asset management technology

    146 debt help

    147 online bachelor degree

    148 duplication dvd

    149 mortgage

    150 automotive direct mail

    Congratulations, you now know the top 150 highest paying Adsense keywords. I guess now you think that all you need to do is insert some of these keywords into your website and you will start to make lots of money, right? Wrong, wrong, wrong. I hate to tell you this, but I must: the 150 keywords above will be worthless to 90% of Adsense users. Why do I say that? Well, facts show that 90% of webmasters that use Adsense barely make $180 per month. This is mainly due to the fact that they don’t know the secrets to making money with Adsense. Top Adsense earners know these Adsense money making secrets and are using them to earn around $15,500 per month just by having Adsense ads on their site. You must learn these powerful Adsense money making secrets if you want to earn thousands monthly with Adsense. 97% of Adsense top earners won’t reveal these secrets to you for fear of competition. The hardest task that you will face is finding out what are the Adsense money making secrets and how to implement them.




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